Every year in Dhul-Hijjah, millions of Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia to perform the sacred pilgrimage of Hajj. Among the most important stops is Mina, a valley often called the largest tent city in the city of Mecca. For centuries, it has been a place where each pilgrim prays, reflects, and performs critical customs such as the stoning of the Jamarat during the days of the Hajj. With its blend of history, spirituality, and modern infrastructure, it is more than just a stop along the route, it is the physical and spiritual heart of holy sites.
Location of Mina
It lies about 5 kilometers east of Makkah, stretching between the plains of Muzdalifah and the sacred Masjid Al-Haram. The valley is southeast of the al-Aqabah area and surrounded by mountains. Its location makes it a central landmark of movement, as Hajj pilgrims depart from Arafah, rest in Muzdalifa, and then spend crucial nights in Mina to complete their Islamic pilgrimage journey.
Mina in the Hajj Timeline
8th Dhul-Hijjah (Yawm al-Tarwiyah): Muslims travel to Mina, where they spend the night and perform shortened prayers in congregation, following the practice of the Prophet.
9th Dhul-Hijjah: After Fajr, Muslims depart from Mina to Arafat for the day of standing.
Night of the 9th: Muslims stay at Muzdalifa, gathering small stones to be used in Mina.
10th Dhul-Hijjah: Muslims return to Mina to perform the stoning ritual at Jamrat al-Kubra and offer sacrifice of sacrificial animals in remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to slaughter his son, while Hajar is also remembered for her devotion.
11th–13th Dhul-Hijjah (Days of Tashreeq): Muslims remain in Mina, continuing the pelting of al-Sughra, al-Wusta, and al Kubra each day and spending their nights in the tent city.
This cycle demonstrates Mina’s central role in connecting the key stages of Hajj.
Mina as a Key Part of Hajj
Mina plays a vital role in the sequence of pilgrims. After Muslims gather in Arafat and spend the night in Muzdalifa, they move towards Mina to fulfill specific rituals. These occur during Dhul-Hijjah, the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar.
During these sacred days, Muslims stay in Mina in white tents designed for accommodation in an orderly manner. This mass gathering is a reflection of unity, where million pilgrims from across the world live side by side in equality.
The City of Tents
It is often referred to as the “Tent City in the World” because it is filled with over 100,000 air-conditioned roofs. These are made of fire-resistant materials and organized in rows to host pilgrims. Each is equipped with facilities ensuring comfort amid the spiritual journey. This system follows Mina protocol, offering safety, order, and hospitality to worshippers.
Nearby is Al-Khayf, a historic mosque linked to the pledge of allegiance in early Islam, while modern sites like Makarem Mina Hotel provide additional support.
Life in Mina During Hajj
For Muslims, life in Mina revolves around prayer, remembrance of Allah, and performing rites of Hajj. They spend nights in Mina, join in worship, and reflect. Everyone, rich or poor, wears Ihram, emphasizing humility and brotherhood.
The Days of Tashreeq
The three Jamarat are pelted during these days, recalling the resistance of Mohammed (Satan) by Prophet Ibrahim. Pilgrims remain engaged in dhikr, takbir, and reflection.
It is particularly significant during the days of tashreeq, which are the 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhul hijjah. Muslims remain in the valley during these days, engaging in acts of worship, supplication and reflection. The atmosphere is one of patience and remembrance, as believers are encouraged to spend time in Dhikr, reciting the takbir, and strengthening their bond with Almighty.
Religious and Spiritual Significance
The stoning of the devil at al-Wusta, al-Sughra, and al-Kubra recalls how the Prophet Muhammad resisted Satan’s whispers. The farewell pilgrimage of the Prophet included these acts, embedding Mina into pilgrimage practice. Passages from Surah remind believers of obedience and faith.
Mina in the Modern Era
From pre-modern shelters to today’s modern systems, Mina has transformed while keeping its sanctity. Developments since November 2015 improved safety. Its closeness to Almasjid Alharam and the city of Madinah links Mina to the wider Hijazi world.
Conclusion
This valley near Mecca carries a timeless message of obedience and trust in Allah. The rites of sacrifice, the stoning of the devil, and prayers connect believers to centuries of faith. Whether one comes with zero knowledge or deep understanding, it reflects humility, unity, and devotion across Umrah and Hajj alike, making it one of the most enduring holy sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
